How Has The Global Economy Changed Through Technology

Co-Chairs: Ricardo Hausmann (Director, Middle for International Development and Professor of the Practice of Economic Development, Harvard Kennedy Schoolhouse of Government) and José Domínguez (Professor of Structural Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Seville).

The application of complexity science tools to the study of society allows for the assay of phenomena that accept been hard to identify and analyze with more traditional tools, specially in the field of Economic science, which in the absence of these tools has tended to piece of work with relatively depression dimensional representations of reality. But the increasing availability of more detailed information of social phenomena makes it specially useful to use tools that tin exploit this informational richness. This opens up fascinating new horizons on almost all fields of noesis in the social sciences.

In economics, it is widely accepted that applied science is the key commuter of economic growth of countries, regions and cities. Technological progress allows for the more than efficient product of more and better appurtenances and services, which is what prosperity depends on.

Yet, the mechanisms through which engineering is adult, adopted and used in production are circuitous. Their more than detailed analysis can let for new findings that could have important impacts in many areas of policy, including science policy, research and development, industrial policy, and both national and regional development policies. In fact, the concept of technology itself too as the individual and social capabilities required for its development ca now be studied at a much more fine-grained level leading to potential contributions that may impact higher education, job creation and economical growth. Clearly, at that place are links betwixt education, inquiry and evolution, innovation and economic activity that are function of the process nosotros aim to uncover.

The recent shift towards open innovation has resulted in increased flows of knowledge and new types of cooperation between pedagogy institutions, research organizations and concern. Superlative corporate R&D investors worldwide lead the development of many emerging technologies. This is axiomatic from an examination of the applied science fields in which these companies intensified their inventive activities in the recent years and the contribution of top R&D investors to the overall evolution of these fields. Elevation corporate R&D investors accelerated their inventive activities in areas such as engines, automated driving systems, big information, artificial intelligence, iii-D printing and data and communication technologies.

It is necessary to call back that the 2 main ingredients for the development of new technology are codified noesis in the grade of theories, frameworks, scientific papers, patents, recipes, protocols, routines and instruction manuals and tacit knowledge or knowhow, which is acquired through learning by doing in a long process of imitation and repetition and which exists only in brains . The evolution of scientific discipline, technology, innovation and production require both codification and tacit knowledge but the codifiable component of science and technology become registered, respectively, in the grade of scientific publications and patents, and these are grouped into categories. Scientific publications, patents, industries, occupations and products are proxies of scientific knowledge, technological development, economic activity and human skills.

They form what is known every bit a multiplex network with six kinds of nodes where geographic location represents the concluding one. Understanding relations within each layer, e.chiliad., the knowledge infinite, the patent space, the industry space, the occupation infinite, the product space and the country (or location space); and across layers should shed lite on the foundations of countries economical development and the policies to exist implemented in all of these areas to promote it.

Policies towards science, technology and innovation (STI) would do good enormously from a deeper and more detailed understanding of the 6-fold multiplex that this inquiry wants to uncover. What are the detailed connections between areas of scientific discipline, as captured by journal publications and patents. What forms of human collaboration are necessary for the authorship of papers and patents? And for national and local authorities: What are the connections between a local endeavour in science and local innovation? What are the backward linkages of industrial diversification on the local chapters to create patents and scientific papers? Which occupations are key to facilitate the diffusion of industries to particular locations and what are the educational profiles of those occupations? What is the role of human mobility and the attraction of talent in the successful development of STI?

To sum up, this study group pursues three purposes:

To analyze empirically the nature of the partnerships and ecosystem relations that underpin scientific and technological progress and its manifestation in the development of new industries, the appearance of new products and the formation of new teams of people with different and complementary occupations. To practice this, nosotros will carry out a research agenda to uncover these connections.
To develop tools in guild to assess the position of each country and region in the multiplex and its evolution over fourth dimension in order to evaluate their "next possible" in a way that can help them program their efforts towards progress.
To aggrandize the dimensions that the quantitative tools of CID's Atlas of Economic Complexity tin offer its worldwide users, thus allowing policymakers, corporations, STI participants and the broader public to do good from the results of the research.